Chemistry Nobel Prizes – Nobel Chemistry winners list 1901-2016

by Spider FF May 19, 2017, 1:32 am 32.2k Views 0 Comments

Chemistry Nobel Prizes – Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 107 times to 172 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2016. Frederick Sanger is the only Nobel Laureate who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, in 1958 and 1980. This means that a total of 171 individuals have received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Chemistry Nobel Prizes

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 107 times to 172 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2015. Frederick Sanger is the only Nobel Laureate who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, in 1958 and 1980. This means that a total of 171 individuals have received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Nobel Prizes in Chemistry

Type – Nobel Prizes in Chemistry

Category – International

First Awarded – 1901

Last Awarded – 2015

Official Website – http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/

Laureates

Year	Laureate	Country	Description
2015	Tomas Lindahl	Sweden / United Kingdom	“for mechanistic studies of DNA repair”
	Paul Modrich	United States
	Aziz Sancar	Turkey / United States
2014	Eric Betzig	United States	“for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy”
	Stefan W. Hell	Germany
	William E. Moerner	United States
2013	Martin Karplus	United States / Austria	“for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems”
	Michael Levitt	United States / United Kingdom
	Arieh Warshel	United States / Israel
2012	Robert J. Lefkowitz	United States	“for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors”
2012	Brian K. Kobilka	United States	“for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors”
2011	Dan Shechtman	Israel	“for the discovery of quasicrystals”
2010	Richard F. Heck	United States	“for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis”
	Ei-ichi Negishi	Japan
	Akira Suzuki	Japan
2009	Venkatraman Ramakrishnan	United States	“for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome”
	Thomas A. Steitz	United States
	Ada E. Yonath	Israel
2008	Osamu Shimomura	Japan	“for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP”
	Martin Chalfie	United States
	Roger Y. Tsien	United States
2007	Gerhard Ertl	Germany	“for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces”
2006	Roger D. Kornberg	United States	“for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription”
2005	Yves Chauvin	France	“for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis”
	Robert H. Grubbs	United States
	Richard R. Schrock	United States
2004	Aaron Ciechanover	Israel	“for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation”
	Avram Hershko	Israel
	Irwin Rose	United States
2003	Peter Agre	United States	“for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes” […..]”for the discovery of water channels”
2003	Roderick MacKinnon	United States	“for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes” […..]”for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels”
2002	John B. Fenn	United States	“for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules” [….]”for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules”
	Koichi Tanaka	Japan
	Kurt Wüthrich	Switzerland	“for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules” [….]”for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution”
2001	William S. Knowles	United States	“for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions”
	Ryoji Noyori	Japan
	K. Barry Sharpless	United States	“for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions”
2000	Alan J. Heeger	United States	“for the discovery and development of conductive polymers”
	Alan G. MacDiarmid	United States / New Zealand
	Hideki Shirakawa	Japan
1999	Ahmed H. Zewail	Egypt / United States	“for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy”
1998	Walter Kohn	United States	“for his development of the density-functional theory”
1998	John A. Pople	United Kingdom	“for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry”
1997	Paul D. Boyer	United States	“for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)”
	John E. Walker	United Kingdom
	Jens C. Skou	Denmark	“for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na⁺, K⁺ -ATPase”
1996	Robert F. Curl Jr.	United States	“for their discovery of fullerenes”
	Sir Harold W. Kroto	United Kingdom
	Richard E. Smalley	United States
1995	Paul J. Crutzen	Netherlands	“for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone”
	Mario J. Molina	Mexico
	F. Sherwood Rowland	United States
1994	George A. Olah	United States / Hungary	“for his contribution to carbocation chemistry”
1993	Kary B. Mullis	United States	“for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry” [….] “for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method”
1993	Michael Smith	Canada	“for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry” [….]”for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies”
1992	Rudolph A. Marcus	United States / Canada	“for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems”
1991	Richard R. Ernst	Switzerland	“for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy”
1990	Elias James Corey	United States	“for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis”
1989	Sidney Altman	Canada / United States	“for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA”
1989	Thomas R. Cech	United States	“for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA”
1988	Johann Deisenhofer	Federal Republic of Germany	“for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre”
	Robert Huber	Federal Republic of Germany
	Hartmut Michel	Federal Republic of Germany
1987	Donald J. Cram	United States	“for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity”
	Jean-Marie Lehn	France
	Charles J. Pedersen	United States
1986	Dudley R. Herschbach	United States	“for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes”
	Yuan T. Lee	United States / Taiwan
	John C. Polanyi	Canada / Hungary
1985	Herbert A. Hauptman	United States	“for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures”
1985	Jerome Karle	United States
1984	Robert Bruce Merrifield	United States	“for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix”
1983	Henry Taube	United States	“for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes”
1982	Aaron Klug	United Kingdom	“for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes”
1981	Kenichi Fukui	Japan	“for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions”
1981	Roald Hoffmann	United States
1980	Paul Berg	United States	“for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA”
	Walter Gilbert	United States	“for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids”
	Frederick Sanger	United Kingdom
1979	Herbert C. Brown	United States	“for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis”
1979	Georg Wittig	Federal Republic of Germany
1978	Peter D. Mitchell	United Kingdom	“for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory”
1977	Ilya Prigogine	Belgium	“for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures”
1976	William N. Lipscomb	United States	“for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding”
1975	John Warcup Cornforth	Australia / United Kingdom	“for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions”
1975	Vladimir Prelog	Yugoslavia / Switzerland	“for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions”
1974	Paul J. Flory	United States	“for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules”
1973	Ernst Otto Fischer	Federal Republic of Germany	“for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds”
1973	Geoffrey Wilkinson	United Kingdom
1972	Christian B. Anfinsen	United States	“for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation”
	Stanford Moore	United States	“for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule”
	William H. Stein	United States
1971	Gerhard Herzberg	Canada / Germany	“for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals”
1970	Luis F. Leloir	Argentina	“for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates”
1969	Derek H. R. Barton	United Kingdom	“for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry”
1969	Odd Hassel	Norway
1968	Lars Onsager	United States	“for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes”
1967	Manfred Eigen	Federal Republic of Germany	“for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy”
	Ronald George Wreyford Norrish	United Kingdom
	George Porter	United Kingdom
1966	Robert S. Mulliken	United States	“for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method”
1965	Robert Burns Woodward	United States	“for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis”
1964	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	United Kingdom	“for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances”
1963	Karl Ziegler	Federal Republic of Germany	“for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers”
1963	Giulio Natta	Italy
1962	Max Ferdinand Perutz	United Kingdom	“for their studies of the structures of globular proteins”
1962	John Cowdery Kendrew	United Kingdom	“for their studies of the structures of globular proteins”
1961	Melvin Calvin	United States	“for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants”
1960	Willard Frank Libby	United States	“for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science”
1959	Jaroslav Heyrovsky	Czechoslovakia	“for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis”
1958	Frederick Sanger	United Kingdom	“for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin”
1957	Lord (Alexander R.) Todd	United Kingdom	“for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes”
1956	Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood	United Kingdom	“for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions”
1956	Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov	Soviet Union
1955	Vincent du Vigneaud	United States	“for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone”
1954	Linus Carl Pauling	United States	“for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances”
1953	Hermann Staudinger	Federal Republic of Germany	“for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry”
1952	Archer John Porter Martin	United Kingdom	“for their invention of partition chromatography”
1952	Richard Laurence Millington Synge	United Kingdom	“for their invention of partition chromatography”
1951	Edwin Mattison McMillan	United States	“for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements”
1951	Glenn Theodore Seaborg	United States
1950	Otto Paul Hermann Diels	Federal Republic of Germany	“for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis”
1950	Kurt Alder	Federal Republic of Germany
1949	William Francis Giauque	United States	“for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures”
1948	Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius	Sweden	“for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins”
1947	Sir Robert Robinso	United Kingdom	“for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids”
1946	James Batcheller Sumner	United States	“for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized”
	John Howard Northrop	United States	“for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form”
	Wendell Meredith Stanley	United States
1945	Artturi Ilmari Virtanen	Finland	“for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method”
1944	Otto Hahn	Germany	“for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei”
1943	George de Hevesy	Germany	“for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes”
1942	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1941
1940
1939	Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt	Germany	“for his work on sex hormones”
1939	Leopold Ruzick	Switzerland	“for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes”
1938	Richard Kuhn	Germany	“for his work on carotenoids and vitamins”
1937	Walter Norman Haworth	United Kingdom	“for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C”
1937	Paul Karrer	Switzerland	“for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2”
1936	Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye	Netherlands	“for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases”
1935	Frédéric Joliot	France	“in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements”
1935	Irène Joliot-Curie	France
1934	Harold Clayton Urey	United States	“for his discovery of heavy hydrogen”
1933	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1932	Irving Langmuir	United States	“for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry”
1931	Carl Bosch	Germany	“in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods”
1931	Friedrich Bergius	Germany
1930	Hans Fischer	Germany	“for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin”
1929	Arthur Harden	United Kingdom	“for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes”
1929	Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin	Sweden
1928	Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus	Germany	“for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins”
1927	Heinrich Otto Wieland	Germany	“for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances”
1926	The (Theodor) Svedberg	Sweden	“for his work on disperse systems”
1925	Richard Adolf Zsigmondy	Germany / Hungary	“for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry”
1924	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1923	Fritz Pregl	Austria	“for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances”
1922	Francis William Aston	United Kingdom	“for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule”
1921	Frederick Soddy	United Kingdom	“for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes”
1920	Walther Hermann Nernst	Germany	“in recognition of his work in thermochemistry”
1919	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1918	Fritz Haber	Germany	“for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements”
1917	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1916	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1915	Richard Martin Willstätter	Germany	“for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll”
1914	Theodore William Richards	United States	“in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements”
1913	Alfred Werner	Switzerland	“in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry”
1912	Victor Grignard	France	“for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry”
1912	Paul Sabatier	France	“for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years”
1911	Marie Curie, née Sklodowska	Poland / France	“in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element”
1910	Otto Wallach	Germany	“in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds”
1909	Wilhelm Ostwald	Germany	“in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction”
1908	Ernest Rutherford	United Kingdom / New Zealand	“for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances”
1907	Eduard Buchner	Germany	“for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation”
1906	Henri Moissan	France	“in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him”
1905	Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer	Germany	“in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds”
1904	Sir William Ramsay	United Kingdom	“in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system”
1903	Svante August Arrhenius	Sweden	“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation”
1902	Hermann Emil Fischer	Germany	“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses”
1901	Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff	Netherlands	“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions”