Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – list of Nobel Laureates

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All Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 106 times to 210 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2015.

Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 106 times to 210 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2015.

Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine

Type – Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine

Category – International

First Awarded- 1901

Last Awarded- 2015

Official Website- http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates

Nobel Prize Laureates

Year	Laureate	Country	Description
2015	William C. Campbell	Ireland / United States	“for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites”
	Satoshi Ōmura	Japan
	Tu Youyou	China	“for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria”
2014	John O’Keefe	United States / United Kingdom	“for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in brain”
	May-Britt Moser	Norway
	Edvard I. Moser	Norway
2013	James E. Rothman	United States	“for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”
	Randy W. Schekman	United States
	Thomas C. Südhof	United States
2012	Shinya Yamanaka	Japan	“for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent”
2012	Sir John B. Gurdon	United Kingdom
2011	Bruce A. Beutler	United States	“for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity”
	Jules A. Hoffmann	France
	Ralph M. Steinman	United States/Canada	“for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity”
2010	Robert G. Edwards	United Kingdom	“for the development of in vitro fertilization”
2009	Elizabeth H. Blackburn	United States / Australia	“for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase”
	Carol W. Greider	United States
	Jack W. Szostak	United States
2008	Harald zur Hausen	Germany	“for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer”
	Françoise Barré-Sinoussi	France	“for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus”
	Luc Montagnier	France	“for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus”
2007	Mario R. Capecchi	United States	“for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells”
	Sir Martin J. Evans	United Kingdom
	Oliver Smithies	United States
2006	Andrew Z. Fire	United States	“for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA”
2006	Craig C. Mello	United States
2005	Barry J. Marshall	Australia	“for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease”
2005	J. Robin Warren	Australia
2004	Richard Axel	United States	“for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system”
2004	Linda B. Buck	United States
2003	Paul C. Lauterbur	United States	“for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging”
2003	Sir Peter Mansfield	United Kingdom
2002	Sydney Brenne	South Africa	“for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'”
	H. Robert Horvitz	United States
	John E. Sulston	United Kingdom
2001	Leland H. Hartwell	United States	“for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle”
	Tim Hunt	United Kingdom
	Sir Paul M. Nurse	United Kingdom
2000	Arvid Carlsson	Sweden	“for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system”
	Paul Greengard	United States
	Eric R. Kandel	United States
1999	Günter Blobel	Germany/United States	“for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell”
1998	Robert F. Furchgott	United States	“for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”
	Louis J. Ignarro	United States
	Ferid Murad	United States
1997	Stanley B. Prusiner	United States	“for his discovery of Prions – a new biological principle of infection”
1996	Peter C. Doherty	Australia	“for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence”
1996	Rolf M. Zinkernagel	Switzerland
1995	Edward B. Lewis	United States	“for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development”
	Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard	Federal Republic of Germany
	Eric F. Wieschaus	United States
1994	Alfred G. Gilman	United States	“for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells”
1994	Martin Rodbell	United States
1993	Richard J. Roberts	United Kingdom	“for their discoveries of split genes”
1993	Phillip A. Sharp	United States	“for their discoveries of split genes”
1992	Edmond H. Fischer	Switzerland United States	“for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism”
1992	Edwin G. Krebs	United States
1991	Erwin Neher	Federal Republic of Germany	“for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells”
1991	Bert Sakmann	Federal Republic of Germany
1990	Joseph E. Murray	United States	“for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease”
1990	E. Donnall Thomas	United States
1989	J. Michael Bishop	United States	“for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes”
1989	Harold E. Varmus	United States
1988	Sir James W. Black	United Kingdom	“for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment”
	Gertrude B. Elion	United States
	George H. Hitchings	United States
1987	Susumu Tonegawa	Japan	“for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity”
1986	Stanley Cohen	United States	“for their discoveries of growth factors”
1986	Rita Levi-Montalcini	Italy	“for their discoveries of growth factors”
1985	Michael S. Brown	United States	“for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism”
1985	Joseph L. Goldstein	United States
1984	Niels K. Jerne	Denmark	“for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies”
	Georges J.F. Köhler	Federal Republic of Germany
	César Milstein	Argentina United Kingdom
1983	Barbara McClintock	United States	“for her discovery of mobile genetic elements”
1982	Sune K. Bergström	Sweden	“for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances”
	Bengt I. Samuelsson	Sweden
	John R. Vane	United Kingdom
1981	Roger W. Sperry	United States	“for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres”
	David H. Hubel	Canada	“for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system”
	Torsten N. Wiesel	Sweden
1980	Baruj Benacerraf	Venezuela	“for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions”
	Jean Dausset	France
	George D. Snell	United States
1979	Allan M. Cormack	South Africa	“for the development of computer assisted tomography”
1979	Godfrey N. Hounsfield	United Kingdom	“for the development of computer assisted tomography”
1978	Werner Arber	Switzerland	“for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics”
	Daniel Nathans	United States
	Hamilton O. Smith	United States
1977	Roger Guillemin	United States	“for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain”
	Andrew V. Schally	United States
	Rosalyn Yalow	United States	“for the development of radio immunoassays of peptide hormones”
1976	Baruch S. Blumberg	United States	“for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases”
1976	D. Carleton Gajdusek	United States
1975	David Baltimore	United States	“for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell”
	Renato Dulbecco	Italy United States
	Howard Martin Temin	United States
1974	Albert Claude	Belgium	“for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell”
	Christian de Duve	Belgium
	George E. Palade	Romania
1973	Karl von Frisch	Federal Republic of Germany	“for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns”
	Konrad Lorenz	Austria
	Nikolaas Tinbergen	United Kingdom
1972	Gerald M. Edelman	United States	“for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies”
1972	Rodney R. Porter	United Kingdom
1971	Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.	United States	“for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones”
1970	Sir Bernard Katz	United Kingdom	“for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation”
	Ulf von Euler	Sweden
	Julius Axelrod	United States
1969	Max Delbrück	United States	“for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses”
	Alfred D. Hershey	United States
	Salvador E. Luria	Italy United States
1968	Robert W. Holley	United States	“for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”
	Har Gobind Khorana	India
	Marshall W. Nirenberg	United States
1967	Ragnar Granit	Finland/Sweden	“for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye”
	Haldan Keffer Hartline	United States
	George Wald	United States
1966	Peyton Rous	United States	“for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses”
1966	Charles Brenton Huggins	United States	“for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer”
1965	François Jacob	France	“for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis”
	André Lwoff	France
	Jacques Monod	France
1964	Konrad Bloch	United States	“for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism”
1964	Feodor Lynen	Federal Republic of Germany
1963	Sir John Carew Eccles	Australia	“for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane”
	Alan Lloyd Hodgkin	United Kingdom
	Andrew Fielding Huxley	United Kingdom
1962	Francis Harry Compton Crick	United Kingdom	“for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”
	James Dewey Watson	United States
	Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins	New Zealand United Kingdom
1961	Georg von Békésy	United States	“for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea”
1960	Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet	Australia	“for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance”
1960	Peter Brian Medawar	Brazil United Kingdom	“for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance”
1959	Severo Ochoa	Spain United States	“for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid”
1959	Arthur Kornberg	United States
1958	George Wells Beadle	United States	“for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events”
	Edward Lawrie Tatum	United States
	Joshua Lederberg	United States	“for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria”
1957	Daniel Bovet	Italy	“for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles”
1956	André Frédéric Cournand	United States	“for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system”
	Werner Forssmann	Federal Republic of Germany
	Dickinson W. Richards	United States
1955	Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell	Sweden	“for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes”
1954	John Franklin Enders	United States	“for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
	Thomas Huckle Weller	United States
	Frederick Chapman Robbins	United States
1953	Hans Adolf Krebs	United Kingdom	“for his discovery of the citric acid cycle”
1953	Fritz Albert Lipmann	United States	“for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism”
1952	Selman Abraham Waksman	United States	“for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis”
1951	Max Theiler	South Africa	“for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it”
1950	Edward Calvin Kendall	United States	“for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects”
	Tadeus Reichstein	Switzerland/Poland
	Philip Showalter Hench	United States
1949	Walter Rudolf Hess	Switzerland	“for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs”
1949	Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz	Portugal	“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses”
1948	Paul Hermann Müller	Switzerland	“for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods”
1947	Carl Ferdinand Cori	United States	“for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen”
	Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz	United States
	Bernardo Alberto Houssay	Argentina	“for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar”
1946	Hermann Joseph Muller	United States	“for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation”
1945	Sir Alexander Fleming	United Kingdom	“for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”
	Ernst Boris Chain	United Kingdom
	Sir Howard Walter Florey	Australia
1944	Joseph Erlanger	United States	“for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres”
1944	Herbert Spencer Gasser	United States
1943	Henrik Carl Peter Dam	Denmark	“for his discovery of vitamin K”
1943	Edward Adelbert Doisy	United States	“for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K”
1942	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1941
1940
1939	Gerhard Domagk	Germany	“for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil”
1938	Corneille Jean François Heymans	Begium	“for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration”
1937	Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt	Hungary	“for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid”
1936	Sir Henry Hallett Dale	United Kingdom	“for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses”
1936	Otto Loewi	Austria
1935	Hans Spemann	Germany	“for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development”
1934	George Hoyt Whipple	United States	“for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia”
	George Richards Minot	United States
	William Parry Murphy	United States
1933	Thomas Hunt Morgan	United States	“for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity”
1932	Sir Charles Scott Sherrington	United Kingdom	“for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons”
1932	Edgar Douglas Adrian	United Kingdom	“for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons”
1931	Otto Heinrich Warburg	Germany	“for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme”
1930	Karl Landsteiner	Austria	“for his discovery of human blood groups”
1929	Christiaan Eijkman	The Netherlands	“for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin”
1929	Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins	United Kingdom	“for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins”
1928	Charles Jules Henri Nicolle	France	“for his work on typhus”
1927	Julius Wagner-Jauregg	Austria	“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica”
1926	Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger	Denmark	“for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma”
1925	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1924	Willem Einthoven	The Netherlands	“for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram”
1923	Frederick Grant Banting	Canada	“for the discovery of insulin”
1923	John James Rickard Macleod	Canada	“for the discovery of insulin”
1922	Archibald Vivian Hill	United Kingdom	“for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle”
1922	Otto Fritz Meyerhof	Germany	“for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle”
1921	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1920	Schack August Steenberg Krogh	Denmark	“for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism”
1919	Jules Bordet	Belgium	“for his discoveries relating to immunity”
1918	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1917
1916
1915
1914	Robert Bárány	Austria	“for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus”
1913	Charles Robert Richet	France	“in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis”
1912	Alexis Carrel	France	“in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs”
1911	Allvar Gullstrand	Sweden	“for his work on the dioptrics of the eye”
1910	Albrecht Kossel	Germany	“in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances”
1909	Emil Theodor Kocher	Switzerland	“for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland”
1908	Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov	Russia	“in recognition of their work on immunity”
1908	Paul Ehrlich	Germany	“in recognition of their work on immunity”
1907	Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran	France	“in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases”
1906	Camillo Golgi	Italy	“in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system”
1906	Santiago Ramón y Cajal	Spain
1905	Robert Koch	Germany	“for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis”
1904	Ivan Petrovich Pavlov	Russia	“in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged”
1903	Niels Ryberg Finsen	Denmark (Faroe Islands)	“in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science”
1902	Ronald Ross	United Kingdom	“for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it”
1901	Emil Adolf von Behring	Germany	“for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths”